feclearexcept, fegetexceptflag, feraiseexcept, fesetexceptflag, fetestexcept, fegetenv, fegetround, feholdexcept, fesetround, fesetenv, feupdateenv, feenableexcept, fedisableexcept, fegetexcept - floating point rounding and exception handling

#include <fenv.h>
 I int feclearexcept(int  excepts );

I int fegetexceptflag(fexcept_t * flagp , int  excepts );

I int feraiseexcept(int  excepts );

I int fesetexceptflag(const fexcept_t * flagp , int  excepts );

I int fetestexcept(int  excepts );
 int fegetround(void);

I int fesetround(int  rounding_mode );
 I int fegetenv(fenv_t * envp );

I int feholdexcept(fenv_t * envp );

I int fesetenv(const fenv_t * envp );

I int feupdateenv(const fenv_t * envp );

Link with -lm.

These eleven functions were defined in C99, and describe the handling of floating point rounding and exceptions (overflow, zero-divide etc.).

Exceptions

The DivideByZero exception occurs when an operation on finite numbers produces infinity as exact answer.

The Overflow exception occurs when a result has to be represented as a floating point number, but has (much) larger absolute value than the largest (finite) floating point number that is representable.

The Underflow exception occurs when a result has to be represented as a floating point number, but has smaller absolute value than the smallest positive normalized floating point number (and would lose much accuracy when represented as a denormalized number).

The Inexact exception occurs when the rounded result of an operation is not equal to the infinite precision result. It may occur whenever Overflow or Underflow occurs.

The Invalid exception occurs when there is no well-defined result for an operation, as for 0/0 or infinity - infinity or sqrt(-1).

Exception handling

Exceptions are represented in two ways: as a single bit (exception present/absent), and these bits correspond in some implementation-defined way with bit positions in an integer, and also as an opaque structure that may contain more information about the exception (perhaps the code address where it occurred).

Each of the macros R FE_DIVBYZERO , R FE_INEXACT , R FE_INVALID , R FE_OVERFLOW , R FE_UNDERFLOW is defined when the implementation supports handling of the corresponding exception, and if so then defines the corresponding bit(s), so that one can call exception handling functions, for example, using the integer argument R FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW . Other exceptions may be supported. The macro FE_ALL_EXCEPT is the bitwise OR of all bits corresponding to supported exceptions.

The R feclearexcept () function clears the supported exceptions represented by the bits in its argument.

The R fegetexceptflag () function stores a representation of the state of the exception flags represented by the argument excepts in the opaque object *flagp.

The R feraiseexcept () function raises the supported exceptions represented by the bits in R excepts .

The R fesetexceptflag () function sets the complete status for the exceptions represented by excepts to the value *flagp. This value must have been obtained by an earlier call of R fegetexceptflag () with a last argument that contained all bits in R excepts .

The R fetestexcept () function returns a word in which the bits are set that were set in the argument excepts and for which the corresponding exception is currently set.

Rounding

Each of the macros R FE_DOWNWARD , R FE_TONEAREST , R FE_TOWARDZERO , R FE_UPWARD is defined when the implementation supports getting and setting the corresponding rounding direction.

The R fegetround () function returns the macro corresponding to the current rounding mode.

The R fesetround () function sets the rounding mode as specified by its argument and returns zero when it was successful.

Floating point environment

The entire floating point environment, including control modes and status flags, can be handled as one opaque object, of type R fenv_t . The default environment is denoted by FE_DFL_ENV (of type R const fenv_t * ). This is the environment setup at program start and it is defined by ISO C to have round to nearest, all exceptions cleared and a non-stop (continue on exceptions) mode.

The R fegetenv () function saves the current floating point environment in the object *envp.

The R feholdexcept () function does the same, then clears all exception flags, and sets a non-stop (continue on exceptions) mode, if available. It returns zero when successful.

The R fesetenv () function restores the floating point environment from the object *envp. This object must be known to be valid, for example, the result of a call to R fegetenv () or R feholdexcept () or equal to R FE_DFL_ENV . This call does not raise exceptions.

The R feupdateenv () function installs the floating-point environment represented by the object *envp, except that currently raised exceptions are not cleared. After calling this function, the raised exceptions will be a bitwise OR of those previously set with those in *envp. As before, the object *envp must be known to be valid.

These functions return zero on success and non-zero if an error occurred.

IEC 60559 (IEC 559:1989), ANSI/IEEE 854, C99.

Glibc Notes

If possible, the GNU C Library defines a macro FE_NOMASK_ENV which represents an environment where every exception raised causes a trap to occur. You can test for this macro using R #ifdef . It is only defined if _GNU_SOURCE is defined. The C99 standard does not define a way to set individual bits in the floating point mask, for example, to trap on specific flags. glibc 2.2 supports the functions R feenableexcept () and R fedisableexcept () to set individual floating point traps, and R fegetexcept () to query the state.

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <fenv.h>
 I int feenableexcept(int  excepts );

I int fedisableexcept(int  excepts );

I int fegetexcept(void);

The R feenableexcept () and R fedisableexcept () functions enable (disable) traps for each of the exceptions represented by excepts and return the previous set of enabled exceptions when successful, and -1 otherwise. The R fegetexcept () function returns the set of all currently enabled exceptions.

feature_test_macros(7)