strtoul
NAME
strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long integer
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h> I unsigned long int I strtoul(const char * nptr , char ** endptr , int base ); I unsigned long long int I strtoull(const char * nptr , char ** endptr , int base );
DESCRIPTION
The
R strtoul ()
function converts the initial part of the string
in nptr to an unsigned long integer value according to the
given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be
the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as
determined by
isspace(3))
followed by a single optional '+' or '-'
sign.
If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a
"0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a
zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character
is '0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long int value
in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a
valid digit in the given base.
(In bases above 10, the letter 'A' in
either upper or lower case represents 10, 'B' represents 11, and so
forth, with 'Z' representing 35.)
If endptr is not NULL,
R strtoul ()
stores the address of the
first invalid character in *endptr.
If there were no digits at
all,
R strtoul ()
stores the original value of nptr in
*endptr (and returns 0).
In particular, if *nptr is not '\0' but **endptr
is '\0' on return, the entire string is valid.
The
R strtoull ()
function works just like the
R strtoul ()
function but returns an unsigned long long integer value.
RETURN VALUE
The
R strtoul ()
function returns either the result of the conversion
or, if there was a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the
conversion represented as an unsigned value,
unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow; in
the latter case,
R strtoul ()
returns ULONG_MAX and sets the global
variable errno to ERANGE.
Precisely the same holds for
R strtoull ()
(with ULLONG_MAX instead of ULONG_MAX).
ERRORS
EINVAL
(not in C99)
The given
base
contains an unsupported value.
ERANGE
The resulting value was out of range.
The implementation may also set errno to EINVAL in case
no conversion was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).
CONFORMING TO
R strtoul ()
conforms to SVr4, C89, C99 and POSIX-2001, and
R strtoull ()
to C99 and POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES
Since
R strtoul ()
can legitimately return 0 or LONG_MAX (LLONG_MAX for
R strtoull ())
on both success and failure, the calling program should set
errno
to 0 before the call,
and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether
errno
has a non-zero value after the call.
In locales other than the "C" locale, other strings may be accepted.
(For example, the thousands separator of the current locale may be
supported.)
BSD also has
I u_quad_t I strtouq(const char * nptr , char ** endptr , int base );with completely analogous definition. Depending on the wordsize of the current architecture, this may be equivalent to R strtoull () or to R strtoul (). Negative values are considered valid input and are silently converted to the equivalent unsigned long value.
EXAMPLE
See the example on the
strtol(3)
manual page;
the use of the functions described in this manual page is similar.
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