NAME
gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
SYNOPSIS
$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
DESCRIPTION
A gitignore file specifies intentionally untracked files that git should ignore. Each line in a gitignore file specifies a pattern.
When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks gitignore patterns from multiple sources, with the following order of precedence:
\h'-04'\h'+03'Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration variable
core.excludesfile.
\h'-04'\h'+03'Patterns read from $GIT_DIR/info/exclude.
\h'-04'\h'+03'Patterns read from a .gitignore file in the same directory as the path, or in any parent directory, ordered from the deepest such file to a file in the root of the repository. These patterns match relative to the location of the .gitignore file. A project normally includes such .gitignore files in its repository, containing patterns for files generated as part of the project build.
The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
git-ls-files(1) and git-read-tree(1), read gitignore patterns specified by command-line options, or from files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git tools, such as git-status(1) and git-add(1), use patterns from the sources specified above.
Patterns have the following format:
\h'-04'\h'+03'A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability.
\h'-04'\h'+03'A line starting with # serves as a comment.
\h'-04'\h'+03'An optional prefix
! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again.
\h'-04'\h'+03'If the pattern does not contain a slash
/, git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname without leading directories.
\h'-04'\h'+03'Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, "Documentation/*.html" matches "Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html". A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
An example:
.ft C
$ git-status
[...]
# Untracked files:
[...]
# Documentation/foo.html
# Documentation/gitignore.html
# file.o
# lib.a
# src/internal.o
[...]
$ cat .git/info/exclude
# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
*.[oa]
$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
# ignore generated html files,
*.html
# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
!foo.html
$ git-status
[...]
# Untracked files:
[...]
# Documentation/foo.html
[...]
.ft
Another example:
.ft C
$ cat .gitignore
vmlinux*
$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
.ft
The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S.
DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett, Frank Lichtenheld, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
Part of the git(7) suite
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