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groff_char

NAME

groff_char - groff character names

DESCRIPTION

. . . . groff_char(7) This file is part of groff (GNU roff). File position: <groff_src_top>/man/groff_char.man Last update: 20 July 2002 Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. written by Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org> with additions by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being this .ig-section and AUTHOR, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called FDL in the main directory of the groff source package. A copy of the GNU Free Documentation License is also available in this Debian package as /usr/share/doc/groff/copyright. . . . . . . . . +\w'Input'u+\n(Spu   +\w'Input'u+\n(Spu   +\w'periodcentered'u+\n(Spu . . . . . . . . . . . . This manual page lists the standard groff input characters. . The output characters in this document will look different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). . Only the characters that are available for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page will be . .
In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named characters for further glyphs. . On ASCII platforms, character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) code set. . On EBCDIC platforms, only the code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1). . It is rather straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8bit encodings like R Latin-2 ; since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional encodings are provided. . .
All roff systems provide the concept of named characters. . In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides support for longer names. . It is strongly suggested that only named characters are used for all characters outside of the 7-bit ASCII range. . .
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. . They include R \ , R \' , R \` , R \- , R \. , and R \e ; see groff(7). . .
In groff, all of these different types of characters can be tested positively with the .if c conditional. . .

REFERENCE

. In this section, the characters in groff are specified in tabular form. . The meaning of the columns is as follows. . .
Output
shows how the character is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph. . .
Input name
specifies how the character is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence. . .
Input code
applies to characters which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character. . Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters; (including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127). . .
PostScript name
gives the usual PostScript name of the output character. . .

ASCII Characters

. These are the basic characters having 7-bit ASCII code values. . These are identical to the first 127 characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range R C0 Controls and Basic Latin ). . To save space, not every code has an entry in the following because the following code ranges are well known. .
0-32
Control characters (print as themselves). .
48-57
Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves). .
65-90
Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves). .
97-122
Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves). .
127
Control character (prints as itself). .
The remaining ranges constitute the printable, non-alphanumeric ASCII characters; only these are listed below. . As can be seen in the table below, most of these characters print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters: .
\`
the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left single quotation mark, .
the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right single quotation mark; the corresponding ISO Latin-1 characters can be obtained with \` and R \(aq . .
-
the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with R \- . .
~
the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126); a larger glyph can be obtained with R \(ti . .
^
the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94); a larger glyph can be obtained with R \(ha . . .
. .

Latin-1 Special Characters

. These characters have character codes between 128 and 255. . They are interpreted as characters according to the Latin-1 (iso-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range R C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement . .
128-159
. the C1 Controls; they print as themselves, but the effect is mostly undefined. .
160
. the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to R `\ ' , the escaped space character. .
173
. the soft hyphen control character (prints as itself). . groff never use this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto R \% . . .
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255), called the Latin-1 Supplement in Unicode, are printable characters that print as themselves. . Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their named character equivalent; see next section. . .
. .

Named Characters

. The named character idiom is the standard way to specify special characters in roff systems. . They can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. . groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. . The character names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. . Here some examples: .
I  c
named character having the name R c , which consists of a single character (length 1). .
I \( ch
named character having the 2-character name R ch . .
I \[ char_name ]
named character having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). . .
In groff, each 8bit input character can also referred to by the construct I \n[char n ] where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros. . They are mapped onto glyph entities using the .trin request. . Moreover, new character names can be created by the .char request; see groff(7). . .
+\w'Input'u+\n(Spu-1n   +1n   +\w'periodcentered'u+\n(Spu .
Ligatures .
Accented Characters .
Accents .
Quotes .
Punctuation .
Brackets .
Arrows .
Lines .
Text markers .
Legalize .
Currency symbols .
Units .
Logical Symbols .
Mathematical Symbols . . . . . .
Greek characters .
Card symbols . .

AUTHOR

. Copyright 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. . You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the .
This document is part of R groff , the GNU roff distribution. . It was written by with additions by and . .

SEE ALSO

.
groff(1)
the GNU roff formatter. .
groff(7)
a short reference of the groff formatting language. . .
R An extension to the troff character set for Europe , E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989 . .
.