debootstrap

debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system

debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]] debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage

debootstrap bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE (eg, sarge, etch, lenny, sid) into TARGET from MIRROR by running R SCRIPT . MIRROR can be an http:// URL or a file:/// URL. Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct scheme as described in RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work.

Debootstrap can be used to install Debian in a system without using an installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor in a chroot environment. This way you can create a full (minimal) Debian installation which can be used for testing purposes (see the EXAMPLES section). If you are looking for a chroot system to build packages please take a look at pbuilder.

"--arch Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed). See also --foreign.

"--include=alpha,beta" Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download and extract lists.

"--exclude=alpha,beta" Comma separated list of packages which will be removed from download and extract lists. WARNING: you can and probably will exclude essential packages, be careful using this option.

"--components=alpha,beta" Use packages from the listed components of the archive.

"--no-resolve-deps" By default, debootstrap will attempt to automatically resolve any missing dependencies, warning if any are found. Note that this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense of dpkg or apt, and that it is far better to specify the entire base system than rely on this option. With this option set, this behaviour is disabled.

"--variant=buildd|fakechroot" Name of the bootstrap script variant to use. Currently, the variant supported are buildd, which installs the build-essential packages into R TARGET and fakechroot, which installs the packages without root privileges. The default, with no --variant=X argument, is to create a base Debian installation in R TARGET .

"--keyring=KEYRING" Download signatures for retrieved Release files and check them against R KEYRING . By default, Release file signatures are not checked.

"--verbose" Produce more info about downloading.

"--print-debs" Print the packages to be installed, and exit. Note that a TARGET directory must be specified so debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which packages should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The TARGET directory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.

"--download-only" Download packages, but don't perform installation

"--foreign" Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example if the target architecture does not match the host architecture. A copy of debootstrap sufficient for completing the bootstrap process will be installed as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the target filesystem.

"--second-stage" Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are generally not needed.

"--keep-debootstrap-dir" Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after completing the installation.

"--unpack-tarball Acquire .debs from tarball FILE instead of downloading via http

"--make-tarball Instead of bootstrapping, make a tarball (written to FILE) of the downloaded packages. The resulting tarball may be passed to a later R --unpack-tarball .

"--boot-floppies" Used for internal purposes by boot-floppies

"--debian-installer" Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer P

.

To setup a sarge system:

# debootstrap sarge ./sarge-chroot http://ftp.debian.org/debian

# debootstrap sarge ./sarge-chroot file:///PATH_TO_LOCAL_MIRROR/debian

Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable):

main # cd / ; mkdir /sid-root main # debootstrap sid /sid-root http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ [ ... watch it download the whole system ] main # echo "proc /sid-root/proc proc none 0 0" >> /etc/fstab main # mount proc /sid-root/proc -t proc main # cp /etc/hosts /sid-root/etc/hosts main # chroot /sid-root /bin/bash chroot # dselect [ you may use aptitude, install mc and vim ... ] main # echo "8:23:respawn:/usr/sbin/chroot /sid-root " \  "/sbin/getty 38400 tty8" >> /etc/inittab [ define a login tty that will use this system ] main # init q [ reload init ]

Note that you will generally need a recent version of debootstrap to do this; the version currently in stable will generally have stopped working due to changes to unstable shortly after the last release.

debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>. This manpage was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.